Level of Repair Analysis · Chapter 5

Reading the Results

How to read the outputs and what they let you decide.

The analysis produces one letter-sized answer per item and a great deal of commitment behind it. What matters is that the answer travels as an instruction rather than as a recommendation in a report nobody reads twice.

1. The decision, per item

Repair or discard, and if repair, at exactly one level. Recorded against the item in the logistics record, with the evaluation that produced it: the option costs, the margin over the next option, and whether a non-economic factor decided it.

The margin belongs in the answer. A recommendation that wins by two per cent and one that wins by a factor of three are different results, and only one of them is worth defending against a change in the demand estimate.

2. The maintenance planning products it feeds

Five things bought years before the first repair and expensive to reverse, and the coding that carries them into the supply system. This is what the analysis is actually deciding.
Five things bought years before the first repair and expensive to reverse, and the coding that carries them into the supply system. This is what the analysis is actually deciding.

This is where a LORA stops being an analysis and becomes the support system:

ProductWhat LORA supplies
Maintenance allocationWhich level performs which task, item by item
Source, maintenance and recoverability codingThe maintenance portion of the code, which is the LORA answer in coded form
Task analysisThe maintenance level each task is then analysed at
ProvisioningWhat is stocked, at which sites, and how deep the pipeline must be
Support equipmentThe procurement list, with quantities per site
Technical publicationsWhich repair procedures are written, and to what depth
TrainingWhich trades learn which repairs, at which sites

The coding step is worth naming because it is how the decision becomes durable. In US practice and in the UK practice that adopted the same construct, the analysis is the documented basis for the maintenance portion of the item's code, and the codes are what the supply system actually acts on years later, long after the study has been archived.

The code is read in positions rather than as a word, and only some of it is the analysis's to set:

PositionWhat it recordsWhose answer it is
SourceHow the item is obtained: bought, made, assembled, or drawn from a kitProcurement and design
Maintenance, remove and replaceWhich level is authorised to take the item off and put a new one onThe maintenance concept, with the task analysis behind it
Maintenance, repairWhich level is authorised to do the complete repair, or that no repair is authorised at allThis analysis
RecoverabilityWhat happens to an item that is beyond repair at that level: condemned where it is, or sent up for disposalThis analysis, and the disposal route

Two of the four are the LORA answer written down. Getting the repair position wrong is how a fleet ends up with a manual it never uses, or a workshop asking for a rig nobody bought.

3. The economics, reported as a comparison

Seven items, up to three options each, and the answers spread across all three. The blanket policies are both worse than deciding item by item, which is the analysis paying for itself.
Seven items, up to three options each, and the answers spread across all three. The blanket policies are both worse than deciding item by item, which is the analysis paying for itself.
OutputWhy it is reported
Cost of each option, per itemSo the reader can see what was compared, not just what won
Cost of the chosen policy against blanket alternativesThe size of the prize, and the argument for doing the work at all
Price of each non-economic constraintWhat relief from that constraint would be worth per year
Break-even points on demand and priceWhat would have to change for the answer to change

4. Sensitivity, as a standing output

The same three options against unit price. The crossing is a property of the support system, and carrying it forward is what makes the next review cheap.
The same three options against unit price. The crossing is a property of the support system, and carrying it forward is what makes the next review cheap.

The break-evens are the part of the analysis with the longest useful life. They convert the next review from a repeat of the study into four checks: has the fleet changed, has usage changed, have prices changed, has the observed failure rate changed. Any of the four crossing a boundary is the trigger to re-run.

What the results do not support

  • They are not an availability statement. The cheapest support system is often the slowest. A depot answer with a long pipeline can be the right economics and the wrong operational outcome, and the analysis will not say so unless somebody asks it to.
  • They are not a spares plan. LORA sizes the pipeline its own answer implies; range and depth across the whole fleet is a separate optimisation that interacts with this one.
  • They do not transfer between fleets. The same item on a different fleet size, site count or usage rate is a different answer with the same engineering.
  • They are not stable across the programme. Development estimates of demand are the least reliable input and the most decisive one, which is why the marginal items are worth flagging as items to watch rather than as items decided.
  • They cannot repair a maintenance concept that does not fit. If the levels are wrong for how the fleet is actually operated, the analysis will optimise inside a structure that should have been changed, and produce a defensible answer to the wrong question.

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