References

The public standards and primary documents this topic draws on. Every factual claim in the preceding chapters traces to one of these; the worked example's fleet, report counts, causes and retrofit results are illustrative teaching values and belong to no source.

Standards and handbooks

1. MIL-STD-2155, Failure Reporting, Analysis and Corrective Action System, US Department of Defense (the closed loop itself: defined states, the failure review board, and the requirement that corrective actions be verified rather than asserted).
2. MIL-HDBK-2155, Failure Reporting, Analysis and Corrective Action Taken, US Department of Defense (the guidance that carries the standard's practice: what a report contains, how it is dispositioned, and how effectiveness is shown).
3. MIL-STD-785B, Reliability Program for Systems and Equipment Development and Production, US Department of Defense (FRACAS and the failure review board as tasks in a reliability programme, alongside prediction, FMECA and growth testing).
4. IEC 60300-3-2, Dependability management, Part 3-2: Application guide, Collection of dependability data from the field (record content, operating-time accounting, and the classification rules without which two organisations' failure rates are not comparable).
5. IEC 60300-3-5, Dependability management, Part 3-5: Application guide, Reliability test conditions and statistical test principles (the statistical basis for judging whether an observed change in rate is evidence).
6. MIL-HDBK-781A, Handbook for Reliability Test Methods, Plans, and Environments for Engineering Development, Qualification, and Production, US Department of Defense (test-analyse-and-fix, and the distinction between a demonstrated MTBF and an observed field rate).
7. MIL-STD-1629A, Procedures for Performing a Failure Mode, Effects and Criticality Analysis, US Department of Defense, 24 November 1980 (the mode list and the α ratios that field data corrects).
8. MIL-HDBK-217F Notice 2, Reliability Prediction of Electronic Equipment, US Department of Defense, 28 February 1995 (the predicted rates the observed rates are graded against).

For the growth models that use the same reported failures to track improvement over time, see the reliability growth module; for the mode ratios this module corrects, the FMECA references.