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RAMS Core

PublishedMIL-HDBK-472 · MIL-HDBK-470A

Maintainability Prediction

Repair time built up task by task and weighted by failure rate, so MTTR is designed rather than discovered.

The maintainability concept page defines the property: the repair-time distribution, its mean, its percentiles, and why a lognormal describes it. Those are measurements. This module is how the same numbers are produced from a design nobody has built yet, and the method is unglamorous: list the repairs, break each into the activities a technician performs, put a time on every activity, and weight the totals by how often each repair happens.

That last clause is the whole discipline. A repair that takes two hours and never happens costs nothing; one that takes ten minutes twice a week costs more than most people expect. The prediction is therefore not an average of repair times but a failure-rate-weighted average, and the ranking it produces routinely disagrees with the reliability programme's.

What the analysis produces

One repair, broken into the activities that make it up, and the same breakdown across the whole cabinet weighted by failure rate. Getting at the part and putting it back is 39 per cent of the technician's time; finding the fault is 20.
One repair, broken into the activities that make it up, and the same breakdown across the whole cabinet weighted by failure rate. Getting at the part and putting it back is 39 per cent of the technician's time; finding the fault is 20.

Two numbers and a list:

OutputWhat it is
Mct, mean corrective maintenance timeΣ λᵢ tᵢ ÷ Σ λᵢ, the number a specification usually names
Mmax at a percentileThe 90th or 95th percentile of the fitted distribution, which is what sizes a maintenance window
The contribution listWhich items and which activities consume the time, which is what a designer can act on

Where the method comes from

The document set: MIL-HDBK-472 for the estimate, MIL-HDBK-470A for designing the thing to be maintainable in the first place, MIL-STD-471 for demonstrating that the estimate was right, and IEC 60706 for the international line.
The document set: MIL-HDBK-472 for the estimate, MIL-HDBK-470A for designing the thing to be maintainable in the first place, MIL-STD-471 for demonstrating that the estimate was right, and IEC 60706 for the international line.

MIL-HDBK-472 is the source of the technique and carries five procedures, differing in how much design detail they need and how much confidence they return. Procedure V is the one most electronics programmes use: it synthesises a repair time task by task, and it comes in an early-design method and a detailed one. The other procedures exist for the cases where less is known, and choosing among them is a statement about how much design there is to analyse.

MIL-HDBK-470A is the other half and is often the more useful document: it is about designing for maintainability rather than predicting it, which is access, standardisation, fastener count, test points and the human at the end of the screwdriver. A prediction that produces a bad number and no design change has been run for its own sake.

MIL-STD-471 is the demonstration: a sample of induced faults, timed on real hardware by representative technicians, against the predicted mean and percentile. IEC 60706 carries the international treatment of maintainability requirements and studies through the design phase.

Where it sits in the programme

The prediction needs a maintenance concept, a repair-level decision and a parts list with failure rates, so it starts later than derating and earlier than any hardware exists. It is at its most useful when two design options are still open, because its absolute accuracy is modest and its comparative accuracy is good: this access scheme against that one, a plug-in card against a bolted assembly.

Programme stageWhat the prediction is for
Preliminary designComparing arrangements; establishing whether the MTTR requirement is even plausible
Detailed designThe full task-by-task synthesis, with the contribution list driving access decisions
VerificationThe baseline the demonstration is measured against
In serviceCorrected by observed repair times, which is when the assumptions get graded

Its inputs come from three places. The failure rates come from the prediction, so the weighting is consistent with everything else. The fault-isolation performance comes from testability analysis, which is what makes the isolate activity short or long. And the task list itself comes from the maintenance concept, or from a maintenance task analysis where one exists.

How RAMSynapse will approach this

Maintainability Prediction is a roadmap module rather than a shipped one, so what follows is intent rather than description. It is planned to run on the same product structure as the prediction and the FMECA, so that each repairable item arrives with its failure rate already attached and the weighting cannot drift from the reliability model. The task-time breakdown would be held per item, with libraries of elemental activity times reusable across projects in the way the failure-mode library already works, and the isolation element would take its time from the testability model rather than from a separate judgement.

Until it ships, the analysis is done alongside the platform rather than in it, and the numbers on this page are the arithmetic that any spreadsheet or tool has to reproduce.


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